Electric energy consumption is growing every year, and the available sources are barely enough to satisfy all the needs of consumers. That is why very inefficient incandescent lamps with a power of 100 W or more disappeared from the sale, they were first replaced by energy-saving, and then the latest generation of lamps - LED. What is their advantage?
LEDs are semiconductor electronic devices that emit light of a different spectrum when an electric current passes through them. It can be ultraviolet used in cosmetic devices, infrared light to control household appliances or radiation visible to the human eye. It is the latter option that is used to illuminate rooms and even streets.
LEDs with visible radiation have a different color temperature (Tc), which greatly affects the human perception of such light. For example, cold light (Tc = 5200-6400 K) can be annoying, and warm (1800-2200 K), on the contrary, can create comfort, especially if it matches the light of the candle in temperature (about 2000 K). The incandescent lamp familiar to our eye has a Tc of 2200-3200 K, and daylight - an average of 4800 K (see figure). All this must be considered when choosing a lamp.
An important indicator is the magnitude of the ripple. The LED passes electric current strictly in one direction, therefore, in an 50 Hz AC network, this electronic device will turn on and off 50 times per second, i.e. throb. For the eye, this is not noticeable, but from such a blink, the eyes can get tired a little faster than in ordinary, even lighting. To avoid such problems, it is better to buy lamps with this indicator equal to 0%.
How beneficial is LED lighting
When compared with two other main types of lamps - incandescent and fluorescent (energy-saving), LED is the most economical in all respects.
Price and service life. Currently, the price of high-quality LED lamps is on average 100 rubles (from 50 to 150, depending on type). Incandescent lamps cost from 25 to 80 rubles, luminescent - much more expensive. Given that the life of LED lamps reaches 30, 000 hours, which is significantly longer than other types, this makes it most profitable compared to others that have the same indicator at the level of 1000-1500 hours.
Power consumption. Real savings are 90% compared to incandescent lamps with the same level of lighting, which is easy to check with the exposure meter used in photography.
Payback. Since the price difference is not too large, LED lamps pay off very quickly and begin to bring tangible savings in just two to three months of operation.
For example, take a 6 W lamp that corresponds to a sixty-watt incandescent lamp, and the average daily use time of 6 hours is a very real time for the lamp above the desktop. We will take the price of one kWh equal to 4 rubles 37 kopecks, which corresponds to prices in Moscow, in apartments with electric stoves (early 2019). According to these data, LED lamp will be consumed in one month
0.006 * 6 * 30 = 1.08 kWh (4 rubles 72 kopecks), and an incandescent lamp
0.06 * 6 * 30 = 10.8 kWh (47 rubles. 20 kopecks).
This means that the price difference paid off already in the first month of operation and in the future the savings will be about 30-40 rubles per month for each replaced unit, and for the whole apartment this figure will turn into several hundred. If we take into account the difference in the service life of these lighting devices, then LED lighting becomes much more economical in all respects.
