Despite the love of large stone houses, most builders choose to build a house of wood materials. In this case, the main role is played not only by the economic factor, but also by the desire to live in a house made from environmentally friendly materials. However, when choosing such a house, the question arises, which foundation to make.
Instruction manual
1
For the manufacture of columnar foundations, monolithic pillars measuring 200 × 200 × 400 mm are most often used, which must be installed in the corners of the building, as well as at the intersection and under load-bearing walls in increments of two meters. Typically, such pillars are driven into the ground to a depth of two hundred millimeters. It is very difficult to call such a foundation reliable; rather, it is most applicable in the conditions of rocky non-porous soil or for light buildings, for example, when building a small garden house or an ordinary chicken coop. For the construction of large structures with a height of two floors or more, this method will not work, because after a few winters a new foundation will be required again due to lack of strength.
2
The most reliable and economical option is the manufacture of pile foundations, the bearing elements of which can be:
- bored (injection) piles poured directly on the spot;
- steel screw piles - a solution that literally means screwing piles to a fixed point;
- Hammered reinforced concrete piles are a very costly option, since for its work it is necessary to use special equipment and machinery.
3
The most popular way among builders is to make a tape base. It is known that such a foundation can be buried below the freezing depth of the soil (GPG) or be shallow. On the one hand, the depth to the layers of compressed soil, not subject to heaving phenomena, the foundation allows you to provide a reliable foundation for the bottom of the foundation. On the other hand, tangential forces act on the surface of such a tape: the soil on the entire GPG swells and rises to varying degrees - the magnitude of this effect can be quite noticeable. If you nevertheless decided to build a house from a wooden beam on a buried monolithic foundation, then there is a big risk that in the winter it can just “float”: it will simply be kicked out of the ground, and it will be very difficult to predict how and when it happens. This type of foundation is best used for the construction of houses from aerated concrete or stone material.
4
In cases where on your site marshy or peaty soil, a slab foundation is the only reliable solution. Acting as a floating base, he is able to withstand the load from any structure. Refers to the type of monolithic reinforced concrete foundations laid under the entire area of the future building. This provides a reduction in pressure on the soil, which is well reflected in the stability of the foundation to changes that occur seasonally in the soil. Such a plate works as a single platform, evenly rising and lowering. The design of such a base implies the presence of a sand cushion, waterproofing and pouring reinforced slabs.
